The breakdown on a whole life basis (the embodied carbon both on day one and ongoing across the next 60 years, accounting for any maintenance and repairs and what happens when the building or components are at their end of life), shows the superstructure, external wall including curtain walling, and MEP to be the predominant contributors to the whole life carbon.

This practice means that, if new laboratory equipment is introduced throughout the design period (as is often the case), it can be categorised into the correct functional space within the flow diagram and inputted into the lab design layout with confidence that there is a design basis for its location..Client laboratory equipment.

The client should carry out a cost benefit analysis of the requested laboratory equipment, as overpromising on lab equipment early on can lead to issues with laboratory design layout and services down the line.Therefore, a considered approach to the requirements provided by the lab users should be implemented.Understanding why a piece of laboratory equipment is requested can determine if it’s necessary, or if its process can be combined with another piece of equipment and managed from a user perspective.

This can help not only reduce capital cost on purchasing laboratory equipment, but also operating costs on the services required for that piece of kit.An example of this is reducing the number of dust booths in a space by combining the processes of two dust booths into one..

Generating and maintaining an up-to-date client laboratory equipment list with all requirements is a lifeline for any laboratory designer, as it becomes the gospel for all aspects of the laboratory design.

Many of the causes of delays and cost overrun with laboratory design come from not having a comprehensive laboratory equipment list stating the services requirements and specialist requirements.http://bit.ly/BWNewsUpdates.

US Energy Information Administration - EIA.https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/renewable-sources/.

https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf.International Energy Agency (IEA) (2019)..